The California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica), also known as California laurel or simply bay tree, is a prominent evergreen native to the coastal forests of California and southwestern Oregon. It can grow up to a height of 20 to 30 meters, featuring a dense, aromatic crown of leathery, lance-shaped leaves. The bark is typically smooth and gray, becoming ridged or scaly with age.
Its leaves, which are 5 to 10 cm long and 2 to 3 cm broad, are notable for their intense fragrance and glossy, deep green appearance. The leaf margins are slightly wavy, adding to their visual charm. California bay laurel bears small yellow flowers in the spring, which give way to purple or olive-green fruits by fall.
The scent profile of the California bay laurel is rich, potent, and distinctly sharp, with a camphoraceous quality similar to, but stronger than, the Mediterranean bay leaf used in cooking. This characteristic aroma comes from the volatile compounds, including cineole, present in the leaves. In addition to culinary uses, this aromatic profile makes the California bay laurel a favored choice in the production of essential oils and in herbal practices where it's valued for its reputed therapeutic properties.
This tree is not only an essential component of its native ecosystem, providing food and habitat for local wildlife, but also enjoys popularity in ornamental and landscape designs due to its robust nature and appealing aesthetics.